Design and Implementation of a Smart Irrigation and Fertigation System to Optimize Water Use and Enhance Crop Productivity in Palestine

This project is about designing and building a smart irrigation and fertigation system for Palestine that will make better use of water and increase crop yields. The system uses sensors to monitor, automated control, and data-driven decision-making to make sure that water and nutrients are delivered exactly as needed depending on current field conditions. The system keeps track of the demands of plants and soil by measuring things like humidity, solar radiation, soil moisture, temperature, and electrical conductivity. A control mechanism based on a microcontroller automatically controls irrigation and fertilization schedules depending on this data. This cuts down on waste of water and fertilizer. The suggested system has Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity so that farmers can monitor and operate it from a distance using a mobile or web-based interface. This lets them see how well it is working, change settings, and get warnings in real time. The initiative intends to help Palestine's agriculture become more sustainable by using automation, data analytics, and smart resource management. One of the biggest problems is that there isn't enough water. The result should show that crops generate more, use less resources, and run more efficiently, making it a scalable way to modernize farming techniques in the area.